Goa

Goa, the former Portuguese colony and now the smallest state of India, is known chiefly as a beach holiday destination. Its small expanse and low population density with an enriching cultural heritage has made it one of the most popular tourist destinations. Located in the Konkan region of the Western Ghats, this state is full of wondrous wildlife and greenery that promise to charm the widest of souls!

Demographics

Populated by 1.344 million people, Goa ranks fourth among Indian states in respect of geographical size. About 50% of them are urban residents. Of the total population, there are 65.8% Hindus, 26.7% Christians and 6.8% Muslims. The people of Goa are known by various names like Goan, Goenkar and Govekar in different languages. Apart from capital Panaji, Vasco da Gama, Mapusa and Margao are the other main Goan cities bearing exhibits of European influence.

Geography

Goa has a coastline of 101 kilometers (63 miles). It lies between the latitudes 14°53´54″ N and 15°40´00″ N and longitudes 73°40´33″ E and 74°20´13″ E. Surrounded by the Western Ghats mountain range, Goa is at 1,167 meters (3,827 feet) elevation above the sea level.

Goa is crisscrossed by rivers like Mandovi, the Zuari, the Terekhol, Chapora and the Sal.  The many riverine islands and estuaries are interesting topographical features of Goa. Goa has a layer of Laterite Soil, given a reddish tinge by Ferric Aluminium Oxides. There are also fertile alluvial soils. That explains why there is such a prevalence of plantations in Goa.

Climate

The proximity of the Arabian Sea and the tropical region results in a moist and warm climate in Goa. The temperature reaches up to 35 °C (95 °F) in May. But the high rainfall with the commencement of the monsoon in June brings relief. The winters are considerably cold and temperature drops down to 20 °C (68 °F).

Nevertheless, the most soothing weather conditions prevail between October and February and draws swarms of tourists. But if you are more interested in the forests you should definitely make it in the monsoon months.

Flora and Fauna

The lush green Goan vegetation comprises of bamboo, coconut, Maratha barks, Chillar barks and the Bhirand. There are more than 1512 species of plants, 275 species of birds and 48 categories of animals in the wildlife sanctuaries of Goa. Look about for the Western Ghats if you want to spot the varieties of foxes, wild boars, kingfishers, mynas and parrots. There is also an abundance of aquatic creatures like crabs, lobsters, shrimps, jellyfish, oysters and catfish.

Major Attractions

Bestowed by the golden glory of the abundant sun are the Goan beaches like the Calangute beach, the Baga beach, Anjuna beach, Dona Paula beach, Colva beach etc. You will also find religious solace in the Mahalaxmi and Mangeshi temples and the churches of Old Goa like the Church of St Francis of Assini, Church of Lady of Rosary and Church of St Cajatan. Indulge your hedonistic streak by the number of Goan festivals and river cruises.

If you are drawn by the Portuguese heritage sites, go for the Salvador Costa mansion, Mascarenhas mansion and the Voddlem Ghor. The Dudhsagar Falls, Arvalem Waterfalls and Kesarval Spring are some of the fascinating medicinal fountains of Goa.

Tips

- Though Goa is all for its sprightly beaches, avoid too much skin-show.
- Foreigners must keep plenty of exchanged money in advance.
- Carrying your identity documents in a safe bag is a wise option.
- Do not carry objectionable drugs and avoid foods likely to affect your health.